One packet of cigarettes is 4 hours less life. Seriously... it's not worth it. Episode 98

Marek Postuła
We walk past the hospital on Banacha. He shows me the patients as they stand in front of the entrance and says that there is a cancer corner here. And if you add up the number of cigarettes smoked per day times the number of days, it comes out that a heavy smoker who smokes a packet a day smokes over three hundred thousand cigarettes. I always explain this in terms of a car engine, how we gas up our engine. That is, we gas up our heart, then the pressure in this closed system rises. That is, the consequence is an increase in arterial pressure of a few millimetres of the column of mercury.

Monika Rachtan
Because there are more than 700 of these substances.

Marek Postuła
700 are the harmful substances contained in tobacco smoke. That is several thousand. When smokers look in the mirror, they must realise that if their skin is ageing so quickly, so is their heart. After all, we are talking about the health of the youngest generation. What we do now, we will pick up in a decade, two or three.

Monika Rachtan
Hi Monika. I would like to welcome you very warmly to another episode of After Patients First. It turns out that smoking cigarettes can be a direct cause of death from cardiovascular causes. And that's what I'm going to talk to my guest today about why it's important to stop smoking in order to have a healthy heart, and that's Professor Marek. Posts. A warm welcome to you, Professor.

Marek Postuła
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen.

Monika Rachtan
Professor, it is often the case that a patient who undergoes a heart attack is advised by the professor in the office that he should stop smoking and comes back at the next appointment and says that he continues to smoke.

Marek Postuła
Well, I wouldn't say that whether it's a question, whether it's often, it's sort of an everyday occurrence, because indeed such a patient, even after a coronary incident we have in cardiology, we say it's a coronary incident of myocardial infarction. Very often these patients used to die because there were actually much worse treatments, and now we manage inside the hospital. Unfortunately, I feel that patients who do not comply with the recommendations, it is a bit as if they do not respect our medical work and their health, and above all their health. But so seriously indeed, unfortunately it is a problem that. Undoubtedly, the event of a myocardial infarction is what we say here, an episode, but we absolutely do not want to trivialise it in any way, but emotionally and psychologically. For the patient, it is an event that is such a warning sign of a stroke. And that's what I always ask myself, what if I had a heart attack? How? How would I approach my life? How would I change it?

Marek Postuła
I probably already do a lot of things.

Monika Rachtan
There's nothing to change, Professor, because as I observe on social media, I don't think you can get healthier.

Marek Postuła
It's always possible. Of course, you know, what social media shows. That's one thing. Everyone always has their guilty pleasure. I have one too, but well you know from the cigarettes and stimulants side, I avoid as much as I can because it just sort of doesn't exist in my in my consciousness absolutely. Hence how I talk to patients. Because it's also sort of the most interesting thing, that it happens to me that a patient comes straight to my office after smoking a cigarette.

Monika Rachtan
I can imagine this tragedy.

Marek Postuła
By the look on your face, do you understand? Yes. My face does not. You frown, I put on a much stricter face. Well, it is really like that. Well, I even think so. Well, maybe not disrespectful, because that's maybe too much to say.

Monika Rachtan
But I think it is disrespectful.

Marek Postuła
The lack of consideration, the fact that actually, well this exposure, well let someone smoke, but it stinks, well because it just stinks and you walk into a doctor's surgery. I smell these cigarettes and I say ok, I understand that it is too much for you to give up smoking and you don't understand that, but at least when you go to the doctor's surgery, it really isn't a problem to go 5 minutes without a cigarette, to come in and all that.

Monika Rachtan
Professor, I'm sorry, because we are discussing such a thing, which for me is totally logical and I can't imagine coming to a doctor or a dentist after smoking a cigarette. Imagine, for example.

Marek Postuła
But I am a bit like that. You know, I'm a dentist at heart.

Monika Rachtan
But on the other hand, when we are talking about this subject, I keep recalling the situation when we were in Warsaw a year ago with cameras outside the National Cancer Institute, recording a report on advanced melanoma, and I do not know whether you were in Warsaw outside the National Cancer Institute, but there is a place where there are two rubbish bins. Yes? There's a sign in front of the entrance that says National Institute of Oncology and there are these two bins. And there are usually about 10 patients standing there smoking cigarettes with drips who are undergoing treatment. And I wouldn't want to bring up here now that they should give up this smoking in stage four lung cancer or not. On the other hand, this view for me was so chilling that something like this could be going on there at all. And best of all, we were with cameras, so I guess these patients thought that I was going to walk up to them and that I was going to ask them questions about why they were smoking. We were there for a different purpose, but I could see that the camera had an effect on them so that they wanted to get away from there, but well, if you can smoke outside the National Cancer Institute, well, why can't you smoke before you go to the doctor?

Marek Postuła
You know, this is the problem. I remember, I have two such anecdotes. Maybe I will start with the first one. When I was on scholarship in the United States and worked at the University of Pennsylvania, and I remember that there were signs 200 metres from the hospital, you could not smoke a cigarette. There were places on campus to smoke specially such a gazebo where I could see patients or staff there. But 200 metres from the hospital, I didn't see anyone like that in Poland, because it scares me. I have an American friend who lives in Poland and he always says that we pass by the hospital in Banacha. He shows me these patients as they are standing in front of the entrance and he says it's the cancer corner, which is this corner of those who work for their cancer. Because we associate cigarette smoking above all with cancer. But it is important to remember that cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of mortality in this population of people, those who smoke cigarettes.

Monika Rachtan
If you found our conversation interesting and are looking for more valuable content, subscribe to us on YouTube and Spotify. Monika Rachtan. You are very welcome! And can you, Professor, explain in a clear and understandable way how the fact that we smoke cigarettes affects our health, our heart, because it affects the health of the lungs. Well, you know there is smoke and it affects. And how does it affect the heart?

Marek Postuła
You know, it's like this question I, as a scientist, besides being a doctor, I'm also a scientist, and I get very excited about topics related to the ageing of our bodies. And as soon as the subject of smoking started to come up somewhere with me, I asked myself if any subject like that. How does it affect the ageing process, the metabolic pathways in the cell. And indeed smoking, smoking has a direct effect on such an MTOR pathway, which is directly involved in the ageing processes. Well, but we will not go that deep here, because you are asking for simple. On the other hand, it shows that smoking is indeed the first thing that comes into my practice when I see a patient coming in. I can very often tell by the face whether someone smokes or not. It's not painted on, written out I'm a smoker. It's just that actually, you know, we age differently. Cigarette smokers age differently, they age faster. And the skin looks completely different. When smokers look in the mirror, they have to imagine that their skin is ageing so quickly.

Marek Postuła
It's the same way the heart ages. And why does it do that? Well, because that is also a very important question. Well, nicotine or nicotine is not the only substance contained in tobacco smoke.

Monika Rachtan
That's right. There are more than 700 of these substances.

Marek Postuła
700 are the harmful substances contained in tobacco smoke. That is several thousand. This we must. Of these 700 are harmful, that is, toxic to our bodies in one way or another. However, almost 70, or 69, are carcinogenic, that is to say they increase the risk of cancer development. However, the impact of these substances themselves is mainly due to the way in which we look at it, breaking it down into its constituent elements. I do not like to trivialise the fact that they accelerate the development of atherosclerosis, but I am trying to understand the mechanism. First of all, it's that cigarettes are stimulated by the truth, which is smoking a cigarette. And that's one of the reasons why people, people smoke cigarettes, they feel arousal, because there's an increased release of dopamine, which is that hormone of happiness that makes us addicted to everything. From smoking cigarettes, but also from sweets, screens.

Monika Rachtan
From the screens. Turns out.

Marek Postuła
Of course, every shot of dopamine is something. An addictive mechanism. Some people are more on that have less immunity genetically as well. Is like more susceptible to these micro shots of dopamine more quickly, more quickly addicted to these different activities or products. But what happens here is that there's also a release of norepinephrine in the central nervous system, which is a stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, which results in what. Well, we all know that when we are frightened, our heart starts pounding, and fear is such a major activator of the sympathetic nervous system. So you could say that smoking increases the release of norepinephrine in our head. This stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Consequently, the heart speeds up, which means it beats faster, which consequently causes. Well, if it is I always explain it in the context of a car engine. As we gas up the engine, i.e. gas up our heart, the pressure in this closed system rises. That is, the consequence is an increase in arterial pressure of a few millimetres of the column of mercury. This is one mechanism. The second mechanism is carbon monoxide, because it is carbon monoxide that is burned, which is a poison, and everyone knows that during the heating season it is always in the news in Poland that, unfortunately, someone has again been poisoned or poisoned by carbon monoxide during the heating season.

Marek Postuła
This often ends in death. In contrast, here we have these concentrations of carbon monoxide that do not kill us directly.

Monika Rachtan
But they do cause.

Marek Postuła
Long-term. Of course, it can be said that it can cause death, but carbon monoxide is the reason why not enough oxygen is delivered to the heart muscle. The third mechanism in which tobacco smoke potentially increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, well, first and foremost atherosclerosis, is, of course, oxidative stress, so unfortunately tobacco smoke increases oxidative stress and therefore increases inflammation. Well, the easiest thing to remember is that smoking equals inflammation, and inflammation is the root cause of most of the diseases of civilisation. Certainly cardiovascular disease, because atherosclerosis is in fact an inflammatory disease. Hence, when we put these three elements together, it is the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, i.e. hypertension. On top of that, we have impaired delivery, i.e. hypoxia due to the fact that carbon monoxide competes with oxygen for the affinity of erythrocytes, which results in hypoxic organs. And then there is oxidative stress, which causes damage to at least that inner wall of the vessels, which is the endothelium, and reduced nitric oxide synthesis. All this causes us to accumulate processes that accelerate the development of atherosclerosis and cause ischaemia, resulting in myocardial infarction or stroke.

Monika Rachtan
Professor, when I think of a patient, or even not a patient, but a person who takes up cigarettes for the first time. He becomes addicted, as we said, very quickly, because, after all, we know that cigarettes are actually just as highly addictive as some hard drugs. And now we don't smoke for six months, we smoke very often. This smoking is from, say, the age of 20. That person smokes up to the age of 50, 70, 80. And now, if the organism is in such a state as the professor said, this harmony of the organism is very disturbed every day, with every cigarette, I wonder how this person functions at all. Well, because he also feels some effects of smoking every day, he also lives worse.

Marek Postuła
I, Madam Editor, have made such an estimate as to how much a smoker, such a hardened, compulsive smoker, who starts at a young age, because probably around this age of 17 we no longer go down to the lower age group, but I think it is also very important to mention what is happening in our country, that young people are increasingly turning to products.

Monika Rachtan
I will ask about this in a moment.

Marek Postuła
Containing nicotine, but indeed we will talk about that in a moment. But let's see. This 17-year-old smokes until he is 70, because he doesn't live any longer. Unfortunately, we must remember that smoking shortens life. According to various epidemiological data, about 15 years, that is.

Monika Rachtan
53 years of smoking.

Marek Postuła
Exactly. And if you add up the number of cigarettes smoked per day times the number of days, it comes out that a heavy smoker who smokes a pack a day smokes over three hundred thousand cigarettes.

Monika Rachtan
They probably won't fit in here in the studio. As they do now.

Marek Postuła
It's probably like translating how much money it is, it's probably a pretty good sum, but that good sum unfortunately translates into nothing good at all, because it's not worldly goods, but unfortunately it equates to about 11. If we recalculate these 15 years of shortened life, we can say that one cigarette is 11 minutes of shorter, shorter life. That is to say, that is how much we shorten our life by smoking one cigarette.

Monika Rachtan
And even that smoking doesn't last as long as the Professor said about pleasure. I don't want to speak in that context, but that cigarette.

Marek Postuła
That's why I'm taking in air.

Monika Rachtan
We smoke shorter than. And then there's that consistency.

Marek Postuła
The satisfaction of smoking is definitely there.

Monika Rachtan
Shorter than loss.

Marek Postuła
Life. Shorter than what, is what we lose.

Monika Rachtan
And how does the professor look at this problem of the Ministry of Health, but I think of the whole government, that this ban, which has been talked about so much, the ban on the sale of tobacco products to children, to young people, that it's all taking so long, because I spoke to Minister Leszczyna last year, I think it was February, when the problem was very much publicised by the media, that a child could buy something on the internet called a disposable e-cigarette flavoured with bubble gum or strawberry or whatever, and I asked when there would be regulations. And I heard that there would be and that it would be soon. And the problem continues to exist. Children continue to smoke, they continue to use these devices that are not modern and not innovative, but harmful and carcinogenic and killing. And all in all we just hear it all the time.

Marek Postuła
You know what, it is the case that I was at a meeting of the parliamentary committee, the Committee on Health, during which this topic was discussed, and I must admit that I was invited to it once, the first time in my life, and so I listened to the various voices.

Monika Rachtan
That's right.

Marek Postuła
I, frankly, was horrified.

Monika Rachtan
And what was said there at that committee?

Marek Postuła
Above all, we talked about the fact that the problem is not that these products are on the market at all, but that they are focused on these qualities of taste, which, as if listening to this, I raised my voice to the effect that, after all, we are talking about the health of the youngest generation, what we do now, we will pick up in a decade, two, three, five decades. Well, after all, let's not kid ourselves that these products, these products are designed to teach habits, these habits are, after all, not that we are born and have a genetic predisposition to all the evils of this world. It is just that we are exposed to habits. Well, unfortunately, we live in such a world that it is very easy. Do children get a mobile phone at a young age, but at a young age they get products that. Because these are even products that don't contain tobacco or don't contain these addictive substances. But it is also a habit, a purely physical addiction to this putting something in their mouth, pulling and so on. This is such a first step, the mechanism is such that the next step will perhaps be some product that already contains tobacco, and the next step will be a regular cigarette.

Monika Rachtan
And there was a committee, there were talks, there were discussions about not having strawberry and bubble gum, I just don't know what they are supposed to be.

Marek Postuła
But, but we have not reached the conclusion that this is an evil. One that absolutely has to be fought, that the market has to be regulated, that first of all these are products, well, we have to be fully aware that this is free America. Whoever Mr Iksiński, who until now has been selling candles in cemeteries, can set up a business, importing from China.

Monika Rachtan
More often than not, this is what is worth highlighting.

Marek Postuła
So we don't know what's in there, because this is, again, another country that is flooding the West with products, wanting, you know, different mechanisms to manipulate, to influence the economy and so on. Influence on societies. Well, China has one that influences us through economic influence and we give in.

Monika Rachtan
We buy China at home. Sorry to interrupt. They do not allow these products to be sold.

Marek Postuła
At home, as if the market is closed, well they said it's great. A great mechanism. I think this is the kind of long-term policy that somewhere No, of course I'm not a fan of conspiracy theories, but these are bizarre mechanisms. And indeed, as I hear, during such a committee, anyone can come to the Health Committee. Lobbyists also come and claim that these are the jobs of small and medium-sized enterprises. Well, dilemmas simply unearthly. And I didn't hear from the mouths of politicians there that you absolutely please don't say such things or the hard line that we will deal with it here and now, but there are substitute topics. Should it taste like this or not? Should we ban all flavours or just strawberry and banana? And let's leave the peppermint ones because they're less popular. You know, these are really appalling. I left there a little disgusted, because I can see, you know, what is happening in other countries, where countries such as Slovenia and Ukraine, to say nothing of countries that are models of civilisation for us, that is to say Denmark and the Netherlands, that is to say, highly developed societies, but Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, that is to say our allies, now in the military context, of course, but these are also countries on the Baltic, where the sale of this type of product has been banned in these countries.

Marek Postuła
Whereas we are still stuck, pretending not to see it. Well, I like it. Like it? I like it maybe not enough? Badly said, but I see some attempts. But there is a lack of communication at least between ministries, because there is the Ministry of Finance, which has decided that it will increase taxes. Well, because this is the only way, the only way, for products containing tobacco to be, on which high excise taxes should be imposed. This is what the European Society of Cardiology knows. Already in the 2021 prevention guidelines there is a chapter where we say how to fight nicotinism, addiction. And there it is clear that one of the solutions in these guidelines is just to fight economically. That is, these products have to be expensive in order for us not to reach for them.

Monika Rachtan
What is the pain threshold of a Pole for a packet of cigarettes? What does the professor think.

Marek Postuła
How much did cigarettes have to cost to. I don't observe this market so much that I stopped that a packet of cigarettes costs about £20 I think, that.

Monika Rachtan
I think it is.

Marek Postuła
And it seems to me that this is still not the threshold of pain, that probably if it was 50 zlotys, well, we would get to a point where maybe it would be out of reach. Well in our country I still think that alcohol and cigarettes are too cheap.

Monika Rachtan
And we also have this money that the state gets, because when paying for cigarettes, the smoker also pays excise duty. And this money should go into the system, but into the health system so that the professor can freely treat a patient who has smoked for 30 years. And unfortunately this is not the case. And just as we have sweetened beverages and a sugar tax and this money actually goes, let's say to health, or at least the initiative, as with cigarettes and alcohol. Well unfortunately they don't go into the system and the Ministry of Health doesn't have it.

Marek Postuła
Madam Editor, I would disagree with you on one important point I do not want this money, I do not want to treat these people. You know what we should invest in? This money should go directly into prevention, prevention, education and whatnot in our country. There are practically no anti-smoking clinics in our country.

Monika Rachtan
Well, there are two or three or five. Because I am now.

Marek Postuła
Yes. But you yourself will admit that for a country of nearly 40 million people in the middle of Europe. We think we are a high civilisation, which means that somewhere out there we are the trendsetters in the world, in Europe, or we aspire to be trendsetters in many areas. Well, let's start with the basics. Let us start with the fact that the problem of smoking, especially now that we are here, we have this opportunity to use our voice as the Presidency of the European Union. Then let us show real action that we are the frontrunners when it comes to prevention, because there is no better long-term policy when it comes to the health system. We keep saying that the healthcare system in Poland is so inefficient, that there are queues. Why are there queues? Because people are getting ill, because we are still not talking enough about prevention here. Groups of people keep meeting and the same people and the same experts keep saying the same things. And where are the real, viable actions? The kind that should start with early childhood education. There should be separate, separate education programmes, separate prevention programmes for each de facto professional age group.

Marek Postuła
We have new technologies. I use new technologies, many areas of my life to make it easier for myself. And I have checked and there are applications that help to disconnect patients from smoking. I don't know if there are any in Poland, but I checked foreign websites and there are countless applications. It was only when I started digging around that I found out about them, because I had never heard, for example, that there was such a thing as a competition to create an anti-smoking application.

Monika Rachtan
This is some idea.

Marek Postuła
A very simple idea, really. I am now creating an app for overweight and obese people as part of my FitObi programme, where we want to do this kind of metabolic reset of cellular health through physical activity. This of course sounds very scientific, because we are indeed taking a very scientific approach. We don't want to absolutely flatten the fact that we are fighting against weight gain, we just want to show that physical activity is the best medicine with which you can achieve metabolic health. And you can do the same. And this app really I have touched on that physically and it's not rocket science.

Monika Rachtan
To create something like this.

Marek Postuła
A team of two or three smart health system staff plus a team of three developers, i.e. people who know how to create an app, can make such an app in less than six months.

Monika Rachtan
Let me come back to those people who meet to advise on what to do to prevent Poles from smoking. I would like to tell you an anecdote about what you said in the context of treatment and prevention. I was encouraged by the fact that we have the Presidency of the European Union. Last year, I was travelling around a number of conferences dedicated mainly to doctors, meeting with politicians, and I remember when it was announced that 2025 would be the year of health education and prevention by the Senate. I was very happy and, in the throes of joy, recorded such a reel on Instagram. What's in store for us in medicine in 2025? And that's where I said, yes, this will be the year when we educate, prevention will be at the forefront. And what a knife was stabbed into my heart when it came out that health education was not going to be a compulsory subject in schools for kids and I wonder why there is so much talk about all this. You pump up these topics and de facto nothing comes of it. Because it's a year of education and prevention, I don't know if I can't see the sensible changes that have been made to persuade Poles to be preventive and preventive, to quit smoking.

Monika Rachtan
And such a simple application as the professor mentions could really do a lot.

Marek Postuła
You know, I think it was with this prevention programme that too many wanted to lump it together, which, of course, made all the noise. Well, unfortunately, we live in a country where whoever shouts louder is the smartest. And so it is. The aftermath of that is that this programme has gone from being something really cool, useful to something that has changed. Such a cuckoo's egg that nobody wants at this point. I think that if we started really with simple things, to introduce from Early Childhood or even pre-school already, to introduce education? Well, of course, now we do it probably in these more modern kindergartens or schools. Teachers themselves are trying to create something, but to do some kind of curriculum framework, at least to give tools to these people so that they can educate children about really simple things in a structured way. Because it's not about introducing controversial topics straight away, which will outrage a lot of communities because we live in such a country and not in another country.

Monika Rachtan
There are so many non-controversial topics.

Marek Postuła
Yes, exactly. There are so many non-controversial topics that.

Monika Rachtan
We would develop.

Marek Postuła
Like a mobile phone. It's a tool that should. We should know how to use, not to occupy, not to use it as a tool for entertainment, because it becomes addictive and then it builds a lot of other problems. You know, on the mental health of young people this is again another, another very big problem.

Monika Rachtan
The next block of topics to be discussed.

Marek Postuła
Our cigarettes in question are. It's such a trigger, where there's scientific data that it's many times such a trigger for mental problems or depressive disorders or schizophrenia. And this is unfortunately not widely talked about.

Monika Rachtan
Professor, in a few days we are celebrating World Health Day. This is always an opportunity to urge Poles to behave healthily. If everyone who smokes now decided to give up the habit, would there be fewer cardiac patients in 10 years' time? How many fewer in percentage terms could there be?

Marek Postuła
You know, that is how it is in Poland, it is estimated. I like to use round figures like this: 10 million smokers, that is 10 million adult Poles smoke. Well, unfortunately, if they make the decision themselves, it will be 3% after a year. That is, unfortunately.

Monika Rachtan
That they will not smoke.

Marek Postuła
Only.

Monika Rachtan
3% will have success.

Marek Postuła
3% with 10 million will have success. So without support we are back again, that I would however come back to. Let's start by building a structure, let's build the tools to help these people, then let's get them in, let's encourage them to get out of the system. And then we can actually calculate that if in Poland, every year, about 70 000 people die from smoking-related diseases, of which, if we take this estimate that it is more or less heart disease, that is 40% of these diseases, well, it is easy to calculate 40%. Your editor will help me quickly. 40% from well that's about 30,000 people, 30,000 fewer deaths a year already.

Monika Rachtan
If we stop.

Marek Postuła
If we stop smoking, and perspective. Indeed Such cardiovascular risk falls back to baseline, that of a never smoker. After 15 20 years.

Monika Rachtan
That is, 15 20 years, we have to wait to cure our society. Professor, one last question at the end. Why go to such a counselling centre, to these 2, 3, 4, 5? We don't know exactly how many of them there are, which ones are functioning and which ones are helping to stop smoking, what tools and what systems are working there that just these people are succeeding, that it's more than these 3%.

Marek Postuła
Well you know, well first of all you have to understand what the process is, well it's not like that because it's like with any recovery, whether it's, whether we say well smoking is a disease, well it's a disease. It's like any chronic disease, to come out of it, well first of all you have to make a decision and then you have to go into the process and understand what the mechanisms are there, what the obstacles might be waiting. Because, unfortunately, I meet such patients who quit, for example, for a year or two and something happened in their life. They didn't go back to their addiction because, unfortunately, no one told them that there would be a situation in their life that would cause that trigger. Just like with alcohol, alcoholics sometimes relapse years later because a situation will happen that they.

Monika Rachtan
They can't cope.

Marek Postuła
They can't cope.

Monika Rachtan
Mentally.

Marek Postuła
And they will say ah, this one time won't hurt. It's the same with smoking. So in these counselling centres, firstly there is medical support, there is psychological support, because it is a process that we have to work through in our heads. Certainly nothing will happen there overnight. Of course pharmacotherapy support, because there are different tools depending. There are behavioural psychotherapy classes, but there are also mentioned pharmacology, or nicotine replacement products. And we can meet all these tools there and understand how to use them effectively so that, for example, in moments of weakness, we can cope with this urge to reach for that one and only cigarette, which triggers the avalanche again. Addictions.

Monika Rachtan
On the occasion of World Health Day, I would like to wish all people who are struggling with the disease of nicotinism that structures and tools are in place to help patients successfully quit smoking. And of course we urge you to do so, but if you are planning to do it on your own, why not seek the help of a specialist? Even a primary care doctor I think can be of support here, if not such a clinic. Professor, thank you very much for our conversation today. My guest, but above all your guest, was Professor Marek Postuła. I thank you very much for today's programme and invite you to my social media. But you, Professor, are also active there.

Marek Postuła
That's right. Also, I invite and invite you to listen to my podcast Towards Longevity.

Monika Rachtan
Thank you very much.

Marek Postuła
Thank you.